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Grammar / Level 2 / Lesson 50

만큼, 정도, 대로, 처럼: degree and likeness

By Daniel Buckley · 14 minute read · TOPIK 2

Vocabulary

  1. 가수 - singer
  2. 실력 - ability, skill
  3. 연습하다 - to practise
  4. 정도 - degree, extent
  5. 계획 - plan
  6. 마음 - mind, heart
  7. 거짓말 - a lie
  8. 걸리다 - to take (time)
  9. 다르다 - to be different
  10. 웃다 - to laugh

Most learners have the same goal: 한국 사람처럼 말하고 싶어요, I want to talk like a Korean. That 처럼 is one of a set of small words that hold one thing up against another.

처럼 measures resemblance, 만큼 measures amount, 정도 and 쯤 give a rough figure, and 대로 follows a pattern exactly. 만큼 and 대로 can go after a noun or after a verb. A noun takes them with no space, and a verb needs the modifier form and a space.

처럼 and 같이: like

처럼 goes straight on a noun and says the next part works the way that noun does. 같이 comes from 같다, to be the same, and does the same job. The two usually swap freely.

Making 처럼 and 같이

  • Nouns: add 처럼 or 같이, with no space.가수 → 가수처럼오늘 → 오늘같이

  1. 저도 한국 사람처럼 말하고 싶어요.

    I too want to speak like Korean person.

  2. 언니는 가수처럼 노래를 잘해요.

    Older sister sings well like singer.

  3. 오늘은 여름처럼 더워요.

    Today is hot like summer.

  4. 아이처럼 울었어요.

    (I) cried like child.

  5. 얼굴이 사과같이 빨개요.

    Face is red like apple.

  6. 오늘같이 추운 날에는 집에 있고 싶어요.

    On cold day like today (I) want to be at home.

※ With a space, 같이 is the adverb "together": 친구하고 같이 가요. Before a noun you need 같은, which keeps its space: 친구 같은 선생님, a teacher who's like a friend.

만큼: as much as

보다 says which side has more. 만큼 says the two sides are level. It goes straight on the noun you're measuring against, and with a negative it gives you "not as much as".

  1. 저는 형만큼 키가 커요.

    I am tall as much as older brother.

  2. 동생은 저만큼 많이 먹어요.

    Younger sibling eats a lot as much as me.

  3. 이 책은 그 책만큼 재미있어요.

    This book is fun as much as that book.

  4. 오늘은 어제만큼 춥지 않아요.

    Today is not cold as much as yesterday.

  5. 제 방은 친구 방만큼 크지 않아요.

    My room is not big as much as friend's room.

※ 이만큼 means "this much", and 그만큼 means "that much". Hold your hands apart and say 이만큼 주세요, please give me this much.

는 만큼: as much as you do

After a verb, 만큼 is a noun meaning an amount. That's why it needs the modifier form and a space: 먹는 만큼 is "the amount (you) eat". The modifier carries the time, just as it does in 는 것.

Making 는 만큼

  • Now or always: 는 만큼.먹다 → 먹는 만큼연습하다 → 연습하는 만큼
  • Done already: ㄴ/은 만큼.일하다 → 일한 만큼먹다 → 먹은 만큼
  • Still to come: ㄹ/을 만큼.먹다 → 먹을 만큼

Pick a verb

먹다먹먹는 만큼

  1. 연습하는 만큼 실력이 늘어요.

    Ability grows as much as (you) practise.

  2. 먹는 만큼 살이 쪄요.

    (You) gain weight as much as (you) eat.

  3. 일한 만큼 돈을 받아요.

    (I) receive money as much as (I) worked.

  4. 먹을 만큼만 가져가세요.

    Take only as much as (you) will eat.

  5. 먹고 싶은 만큼 드세요.

    Eat as much as (you) want to eat.

정도 and 쯤: about

Both make a figure rough. 정도 is a noun meaning degree, so it takes a space. 쯤 is a suffix, so it doesn't. After an amount either one is fine, but for a point on the clock 쯤 is the usual choice.

Making a figure rough

  • 정도: space, then 정도.한 시간 정도열 개 정도
  • 쯤: no space.세 시쯤내일쯤

  1. 학교까지 한 시간 정도 걸려요.

    To school takes about one hour.

  2. 사과를 열 개 정도 샀어요.

    (I) bought about ten apples.

  3. 세 시쯤 만나요.

    (Let's) meet around three o'clock.

  4. 내일쯤 도착할 거예요.

    (It) will arrive around tomorrow.

  5. 몇 시쯤 올 거예요?

    Around what time will (you) come?

정도 can also stand for a level, with no number at all. 어느 정도 is "to some extent", and 이 정도 is "this much".

  1. 한국어를 어느 정도 할 수 있어요.

    (I) can do Korean to some extent.

  2. 이 정도는 괜찮아요.

    This much is OK.

ㄹ/을 정도로: so much that

Add 로 to 정도 and you can say how far something went. The clause in front is the measure, and it's often an exaggeration. It usually takes the ㄹ/을 form, even about the past, because the tense sits at the end of the sentence.

Pick a verb

가다가갈 정도로

  1. 못 걸을 정도로 다리가 아파요.

    Leg hurts to the point that (I) can't walk.

  2. 배가 터질 정도로 먹었어요.

    (I) ate to the point that stomach would burst.

  3. 눈물이 날 정도로 웃었어요.

    (I) laughed to the point that tears came out.

  4. 잠잘 시간도 없을 정도로 바빠요.

    (I) am busy to the point that even time to sleep doesn't exist.

  5. 혼자 다 못 먹을 정도로 많아요.

    (It) is a lot to the point that (I) can't eat all alone.

  6. 다리가 아파서 못 걸을 정도예요.

    Leg hurts, so (it) is to the point that (I) can't walk.

Example 6 ends the sentence on 정도예요 instead of carrying on.

대로: the way, following

대로 means you follow something without changing it. On a noun it takes no space. After a verb it's a noun and needs a modifier and a space, just like 만큼.

  1. 계획대로 됐어요.

    (It) went according to plan.

  2. 약속대로 왔어요.

    (I) came according to promise.

  3. 마음대로 하세요.

    Do according to (your) mind.

  4. 제가 하는 대로 하세요.

    Do the way I do.

  5. 선생님이 말씀하신 대로 했어요.

    (I) did the way teacher said.

  6. 배운 대로 써 보세요.

    Try writing the way (you) learned.

  7. 본 대로 말했어요.

    (I) said (it) the way (I) saw.

You've seen 는 대로 before, in 도착하는 대로 전화하세요: call as soon as you arrive. That's the same spelling with another job. If one action follows straight after another, it's "as soon as", and if the second copies the first, it's "the way".

※ 마음대로 하세요 can be a kind offer or a frosty "suit yourself". Your tone decides which one the other person hears.

듯이: just as

듯이 goes straight on a stem and joins two clauses: the second works the way the first does. It can follow 았/었, and the 이 often drops. It sounds more written than 처럼, but several set comparisons use it.

Pick a verb

먹다먹먹듯이

  1. 사람마다 얼굴이 다르듯이 생각도 달라요.

    Just as faces differ for each person, thoughts too differ.

  2. 밥 먹듯이 거짓말을 해요.

    (He) lies the way (one) eats meals.

  3. 돈을 물 쓰듯이 써요.

    (She) uses money the way (one) uses water.

  4. 앞에서 말했듯이 내일은 수업이 없어요.

    As (I) said before, tomorrow class doesn't exist.

Example 2 means he lies as often as he has dinner. Example 3 means she spends without thinking.

※ After a modifier and a space, 는 듯이 means "as if": 죽은 듯이 잤어요, I slept as if dead. That one belongs with the seeming patterns in Level 3.

Which one?

  1. 오늘은 어제___ 춥지 않아요.

    Today isn't as cold as yesterday.

  2. 한 시간 ___ 기다렸어요.

    I waited about an hour.

  3. 제가 말한 ___ 하세요.

    Do it the way I said.

  4. 오늘___ 더운 날에는 물을 많이 마셔야 돼요.

    On a hot day like today, you have to drink a lot of water.

  5. 배가 아플 ___ 웃었어요.

    I laughed so much my stomach hurt.

Listen and type

1 / 3

Play it as often as you like.

Common mistakes

  1. 친구처럼 사람이에요.

    친구 같은 사람이에요.

    처럼 leads into a verb or an adjective. Before a noun, use 같은.

  2. 먹고 싶은만큼 드세요.

    먹고 싶은 만큼 드세요.

    After a modifier, 만큼 is a noun, so it takes a space. The same goes for 대로.

  3. 한국 사람듯이 말해요.

    한국 사람처럼 말해요.

    듯이 goes on a verb or adjective stem and joins clauses. A noun takes 처럼.

Check yourself

Quick check

1 / 7

오늘은 ___ 더워요. (여름) Today is hot like summer. Use 처럼.

No space after the noun.

Summary

What each one measures

  • Like: 처럼, 같이 on a noun.가수처럼오늘같이
  • As much as: 만큼 on a noun, or after a modifier with a space.형만큼먹는 만큼
  • About: 정도 with a space, 쯤 without.한 시간 정도세 시쯤
  • So much that: ㄹ/을 정도로.못 걸을 정도로
  • The way: 대로 on a noun, or after a modifier with a space.계획대로제가 말한 대로
  • Just as: 듯이 on a stem.밥 먹듯이

Now you can say

  1. 저도 한국 사람처럼 말하고 싶어요.

    I too want to speak like Korean person.

  2. 세 시쯤 만나요.

    (Let's) meet around three o'clock.

  3. 제가 하는 대로 하세요.

    Do the way I do.

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