ㄹ/을 예정이다, 기로 하다, ㄹ/을까 하다: plans and decisions
By Daniel Buckley · 11 minute read · TOPIK 2
Vocabulary
- 예정 - schedule, what's expected to happen
- 계획 - plan
- 준비 - preparation
- 결혼하다 - to get married
- 졸업하다 - to graduate
- 이사하다 - to move house
- 모으다 - to save, to collect
- 취소하다 - to cancel
- 끊다 - to quit, to cut off
- 자르다 - to cut
이번 주말에 뭐 해요? You can answer with ㄹ/을 거예요 and be understood. But that won't show whether the thing is in your diary, agreed with a friend, or an idea you had on the bus.
Korean has a form for each of those. Most of them are built the same way: the ㄹ/을 modifier, which marks something still to come, plus a noun like plan or schedule.
On the calendar: ㄹ/을 예정이다
예정 is what's scheduled to happen, so 시작할 예정이에요 is roughly "it's the schedule to start". It sounds a little official, and you'll hear it in announcements, at work and in emails. You can use it about your own life too, once the date is fixed.
Making ㄹ/을 예정이다
- The ㄹ/을 form from {lesson 32|/grammar/neun-geot-noun-clauses}, then 예정이에요, or 예정입니다 to be formal.가다 → 갈 예정이에요먹다 → 먹을 예정이에요살다 → 살 예정이에요시작하다 → 시작할 예정입니다
Pick a verb
가다가갈 예정이에요
회의는 세 시에 시작할 예정입니다.
Meeting is scheduled to start at three o'clock.
비행기는 두 시에 도착할 예정입니다.
Plane is scheduled to arrive at two o'clock.
다음 달에 결혼할 예정이에요.
Next month (I) am scheduled to marry.
내년 봄에 졸업할 예정이에요.
Next spring (I) am scheduled to graduate.
※ On boards and in notices the verb often drops away and leaves two nouns: 도착 예정, expected arrival.
A plan: ㄹ/을 계획이다
계획 is a plan someone has made, and it's built just like 예정. The difference is who's behind it. A plane can be scheduled to arrive, but it has no plans, so 예정 fits things that are simply set to happen, and 계획 needs someone with an intention.
내년에 한국에 갈 계획이에요.
Next year (I) plan to go to Korea.
돈을 모아서 차를 살 계획이에요.
(I) save money and then plan to buy car.
이번 여름에 어디로 여행 갈 계획이에요?
This summer where do (you) plan to go travelling?
아직 결혼할 계획이 없어요.
(I) still have no plan to marry.
Example 4 shows that 계획 is an ordinary noun, so it can take 이/가 with 있다 or 없다.
Getting ready: ㄹ/을 준비
준비 is preparation. 준비를 하다 is getting ready, and 준비가 되다 is being ready. Put a verb in front with the same ㄹ/을 modifier and you say what for: 나갈 준비, getting ready to go out.
나갈 준비 됐어요?
Preparation to go out is done?
아침에 학교에 갈 준비를 해요.
In the morning (I) do preparation to go to school.
아이들이 잘 준비를 하고 있어요.
Children are doing preparation to sleep.
출발할 준비가 다 됐어요.
Preparation to depart is all done.
※ With a noun you don't need any of this: 시험을 준비해요, I'm preparing for the exam. ㄹ/을 준비 is for when the thing you're preparing for is an action.
Decided: 기로 하다
기로 하다 says something has been settled. It's 기 plus 로, with 하다 meaning to settle on. It covers deciding by yourself and agreeing with someone else, and context tells you which.
It's usually 했어요, even when the action is in the future, because the deciding is over. 내일 만나기로 했어요 has a past ending and a tomorrow in it. That's normal.
Pick a verb
가다가가기로 했어요
내일 세 시에 만나기로 했어요.
Tomorrow at three o'clock (we) agreed to meet.
올해는 담배를 끊기로 했어요.
This year (I) decided to quit cigarettes.
오늘부터 커피를 안 마시기로 했어요.
From today (I) decided not to drink coffee.
여행을 취소하기로 했어요.
(We) decided to cancel trip.
내일 몇 시에 만나기로 했어요?
Tomorrow at what time did (we) agree to meet?
저녁은 집에서 먹기로 해요.
Dinner at home let's agree to eat.
Example 5 is what you'd say when you've forgotten the arrangement. Example 6 uses 해요 as a suggestion, so it isn't settled until the other person agrees.
※ A more exact verb can replace 하다: 가기로 결정했어요, I decided to go, and 가기로 약속했어요, I promised to go.
Still thinking: ㄹ/을까 하다 and ㄹ/을까 보다
You know ㄹ/을까요, "shall we?" Say it to yourself and you have this form: "shall I?" is going through your head. 볼까 해요 is "I'm thinking of seeing it", and it commits you to nothing.
ㄹ/을까 하다 reports your own thoughts, so it's normally about you. It's softer than (으)려고 하다, which has a real intention behind it.
Pick a verb
가다가갈까 해요
주말에 영화를 볼까 해요.
At the weekend (I) am thinking of seeing movie.
오늘은 집에서 쉴까 해요.
Today (I) am thinking of resting at home.
머리를 자를까 해요.
(I) am thinking of cutting hair.
한국어를 배워 볼까 해요.
(I) am thinking of trying learning Korean.
어제 영화를 볼까 했어요.
Yesterday (I) was thinking of seeing movie.
Example 5 often hints that you didn't end up doing it. You're only saying what you'd had in mind.
ㄹ/을까 봐요 says much the same, as long as you're talking about yourself and something you can choose to do. In this sense you'll usually meet it as 봐요 at the end of a sentence.
오늘은 일찍 잘까 봐요.
Today (I) am thinking of sleeping early.
점심은 라면을 먹을까 봐요.
Lunch (I) am thinking of eating instant noodles.
그냥 집에 있을까 봐요.
(I) am thinking of just staying at home.
※ With something you don't control, the same words are a worry: 비가 올까 봐 걱정이에요, I'm worried it might rain. In the middle of a sentence, ㄹ/을까 봐 is nearly always the worry. That comes in Level 3.
How settled is it?
Ask whether anything has been fixed. Try these.
주말에 등산을 할까 해요.
친구하고 등산을 하기로 했어요.
내년에 이사하기로 했어요.
머리를 자를까 봐요.
회의는 세 시에 끝날 예정입니다.
오늘은 집에서 쉴까 해요.
Listen and type
1 / 3
Play it as often as you like.
In a conversation
- A
이번 주말에 뭐 해요?
This weekend what do?
- B
아직 몰라요. 집에서 쉴까 해요.
Still don't know. At home thinking of resting.
- A
저는 친구들하고 등산을 가기로 했어요. 같이 갈래요?
I with friends hiking agreed to go. Together want to go?
- B
몇 시에 출발할 예정이에요?
At what time scheduled to depart?
- A
아침 여섯 시요.
Morning six o'clock.
- B
그럼 저는 그냥 잘까 봐요.
Then I just thinking of sleeping.
Common mistakes
비행기가 세 시에 도착할 계획이에요.
비행기가 세 시에 도착할 예정이에요.
A plane has a schedule, not a plan. 계획 needs someone with an intention.
제 친구는 내년에 한국에 갈까 해요.
제 친구는 내년에 한국에 갈 계획이에요.
ㄹ/을까 하다 reports what's going through your own head, so it's normally first person.
내일 갔기로 했어요.
내일 가기로 했어요.
기로 goes on the bare stem. The past goes on 하다.
Check yourself
Quick check
1 / 6
회의는 세 시에 ___. (시작하다, formal) The meeting is scheduled to start at three.
ㄹ/을 예정 plus 입니다.
Summary
| Dictionary | Stem | 기로 했어요 |
|---|---|---|
| 가다 | 가 | 가기로 했어요 |
| 먹다 | 먹 | 먹기로 했어요 |
| 살다 | 살 | 살기로 했어요 |
| 듣다 | 듣 | 듣기로 했어요 |
| 하다 | 하 | 하기로 했어요 |
| Dictionary | Stem | ㄹ/을까 해요 |
|---|---|---|
| 가다 | 가 | 갈까 해요 |
| 먹다 | 먹 | 먹을까 해요 |
| 살다 | 살 | 살까 해요 |
| 듣다 | 듣 | 들을까 해요 |
| 하다 | 하 | 할까 해요 |
What each one says
- ㄹ/을 예정이다: it's on the schedule.갈 예정이에요
- 기로 하다: it's been decided or agreed.가기로 했어요
- ㄹ/을 계획이다: someone has a plan.갈 계획이에요
- ㄹ/을까 하다, ㄹ/을까 보다: I'm thinking about it.갈까 해요갈까 봐요
- ㄹ/을 준비: getting ready for something.갈 준비
Now you can say
내일 세 시에 만나기로 했어요.
Tomorrow at three o'clock (we) agreed to meet.
내년에 한국에 갈 계획이에요.
Next year (I) plan to go to Korea.
오늘은 집에서 쉴까 해요.
Today (I) am thinking of resting at home.
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