게 하다, 시키다, 게 되다: make, let, end up
By Daniel Buckley · 12 minute read · TOPIK 2
Vocabulary
- 시키다 - to make (someone) do, to order
- 결혼하다 - to get married
- 이사하다 - to move house
- 청소하다 - to clean
- 웃다 - to laugh
- 야채 - vegetable
- 게임 - game
- 사장님 - boss
- 처음 - the beginning, the first time
Koreans often announce a wedding with 결혼하게 됐습니다. Word for word, it has come about that I'm marrying, as if the couple had no say. They did, of course. I take the wording as modesty.
You know the 게 in that sentence from adverbs, where it points at how something comes out. Put 하다 after it and someone brings a result about, and put 되다 after it and the result comes about by itself. 시키다 is the third piece, an ordinary verb for telling someone to do something.
게 하다: make or let
게 goes straight on the stem. 가게 했어요 says you acted so that someone went. English has to choose between "made" and "let" there, and Korean doesn't, so context settles it.
Making 게 하다
- Verbs: drop 다, add 게 하다.가다 → 가게 하다먹다 → 먹게 하다듣다 → 듣게 하다
- The person: usually 에게 or 한테 if the verb already has an object, and 을/를 if it doesn't.동생에게 야채를 먹게 해요친구를 웃게 해요
Pick a verb
가다가가게 했어요
엄마가 동생에게 야채를 먹게 했어요.
Mum made younger sibling eat vegetables.
친구가 저를 웃게 했어요.
Friend made me laugh.
엄마가 동생을 혼자 가게 했어요.
Mum had younger sibling go alone.
엄마가 밤에는 게임을 못 하게 해요.
Mum doesn't let (me) play game at night.
의사가 술을 못 마시게 했어요.
Doctor didn't let (me) drink alcohol.
제가 하게 해 주세요.
Please let me do (it).
한 번만 보게 해 주세요.
Please let (me) see (it) just once.
Example 3 could be an order or simple permission. 못 ... 게 하다 in examples 4 and 5 is how Korean says someone stopped you. 게 해 주세요 in examples 6 and 7 asks for permission as a favour, so there it's clearly "let".
※ An adjective works the same way, with the 게 you already know: 방을 따뜻하게 해 주세요, please make the room warm.
시키다: tell someone to do it
시키다 is a plain verb, and it means someone with the standing to do so gave an instruction. The task is the object, and the person takes 에게 or 한테. Many noun plus 하다 verbs also swap 하다 for 시키다, and then the person usually takes 을/를.
Using 시키다
- A task as the object.저에게 일을 시켜요저한테 청소를 시켰어요
- Swapping 하다 for 시키다.공부하다 → 공부시키다청소하다 → 청소시키다
사장님이 저에게 일을 많이 시키세요.
Boss makes me do a lot of work.
엄마가 저한테 청소를 시켰어요.
Mum made me do cleaning.
엄마가 동생을 공부시켰어요.
Mum made younger sibling study.
In a restaurant, or on the phone, 시키다 means to order food. You're telling someone to bring it, which fits. You'll hear this meaning a lot.
뭐 시킬까요?
What shall (we) order?
치킨을 시켰어요.
(We) ordered chicken.
오늘은 피자를 시켜 먹어요.
Today (let's) order pizza and eat.
게 하다 is the wider of the two. It doesn't need an order, so 웃게 하다 works for a joke that makes you laugh, and it can mean "let". 시키다 needs a person giving instructions, and used about adults it can sound bossy.
게 되다: end up, come to
되다 means to become, so 가게 됐어요 is "it became that (I) go". The speaker doesn't present it as a decision: circumstances led there, or time did. English needs "end up", "come to", "get to" or "turn out" depending on the sentence.
Making 게 되다
- Verbs: drop 다, add 게 되다.살다 → 살게 됐어요알다 → 알게 됐어요
- Tense goes on 되다. It's usually past, since you're reporting how things turned out.알게 될 거예요잘하게 돼요
Pick a verb
살다살살게 됐어요
회사 때문에 서울에 살게 됐어요.
Because of company (I) ended up living in Seoul.
드라마를 보고 한국어를 배우게 됐어요.
(I) watched drama and came to learn Korean.
요즘 커피를 좋아하게 됐어요.
These days (I) have come to like coffee.
다음 달에 결혼하게 됐습니다.
Next month (I) have come to marry.
아파서 내일 못 가게 됐어요.
(I) am sick, so tomorrow (I) have ended up unable to go.
어제 그 일을 알게 됐어요.
Yesterday (I) came to know that matter.
곧 알게 될 거예요.
Soon (you) will come to know.
한국에 살면 한국어를 잘하게 돼요.
If (you) live in Korea, (you) come to be good at Korean.
Example 5 is a soft way to cancel. It says the trip fell through, and it leaves your own choice out of it. 알게 됐어요 is the normal Korean for "I found out".
※ 만나게 되어 반갑습니다 is a formal "pleased to meet you", the kind you'd hear at the start of a business meeting. 되어 is the full form of 돼.
게 되다 next to its neighbours
기로 하다 reports a decision, and 게 되다 reports an outcome. Moving house could be either, and the difference is who you credit with it.
부산으로 이사하기로 했어요.
(I) decided to move to Busan.
부산으로 이사하게 됐어요.
(I) ended up moving to Busan.
아/어지다 is also about change, but it's normally for adjectives. For a verb, you usually want 게 되다. 좋다 and 좋아하다 show the split nicely.
날씨가 좋아졌어요.
Weather got good.
이 노래를 좋아하게 됐어요.
(I) came to like this song.
피자를 ___ 먹었어요.
We ordered a pizza and ate it.
친구의 말이 저를 ___.
What my friend said made me laugh.
엄마가 밤에 텔레비전을 ___.
Mum doesn't let me watch TV at night.
회사 때문에 부산으로 ___.
Because of work, I ended up moving to Busan.
Listen and type
1 / 3
Play it as often as you like.
In a conversation
The first line here is a question you'll get asked a lot once people find out you speak Korean.
- A
어떻게 한국어를 배우게 됐어요?
How came to learn Korean?
- B
회사에서 한국어 수업을 듣게 했어요.
Company made (me) attend Korean class.
- A
아, 회사에서 시켰어요?
Ah, company made (you)?
- B
네. 처음에는 힘들었지만 지금은 좋아하게 됐어요.
Yes. At first was hard, but now have come to like.
Common mistakes
엄마가 동생에게 야채를 먹었게 했어요.
엄마가 동생에게 야채를 먹게 했어요.
The tense goes on 하다. No 았/었 before this 게.
아파서 내일 못 가게 했어요.
아파서 내일 못 가게 됐어요.
못 가게 했어요 says you stopped someone else from going. To say it turned out you can't go, use 되다.
한국어를 좋아하게 됬어요.
한국어를 좋아하게 됐어요.
되 plus 었 is 됐, the same merger as 돼요. 됬 isn't a Korean spelling of anything.
Check yourself
Quick check
1 / 6
엄마가 동생에게 야채를 ___. (먹다) Mum made my sibling eat vegetables.
게 하다, in the past.
Summary
| Dictionary | Stem | ~게 해요 |
|---|---|---|
| 가다 | 가 | 가게 해요 |
| 먹다 | 먹 | 먹게 해요 |
| 듣다 | 듣 | 듣게 해요 |
| 만들다 | 만들 | 만들게 해요 |
| 쉬다 | 쉬 | 쉬게 해요 |
| 쓰다 | 쓰 | 쓰게 해요 |
| Dictionary | Stem | ~게 됐어요 |
|---|---|---|
| 가다 | 가 | 가게 됐어요 |
| 먹다 | 먹 | 먹게 됐어요 |
| 듣다 | 듣 | 듣게 됐어요 |
| 살다 | 살 | 살게 됐어요 |
| 알다 | 알 | 알게 됐어요 |
| 좋아하다 | 좋아하 | 좋아하게 됐어요 |
Who's behind it?
- 게 하다: someone makes it happen or lets it happen.제가 하게 해 주세요
- 시키다: someone gives the instruction. Also, to order food.치킨을 시켰어요
- 게 되다: nobody in particular. It came about.서울에 살게 됐어요
Now you can say
한 번만 보게 해 주세요.
Please let (me) see (it) just once.
뭐 시킬까요?
What shall (we) order?
아파서 내일 못 가게 됐어요.
(I) am sick, so tomorrow (I) have ended up unable to go.
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